Hemodialysis 101 | Beware the "Silent Killer" Uremia

The kidneys are one of the most vital organs in the human body, performing irreplaceable functions. When kidney function is compromised, discomfort and complications follow. In the terminal stage, expensive renal replacement therapies (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, etc.) are needed to sustain life, imposing a heavy medical burden on patients and their families.

What is Uremia?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition. Patients with CKD have difficulty excreting metabolic waste, which accumulates over time, damaging organs. CKD is currently classified into five stages internationally:

· Stage I: Kidney damage present

· Stage II: Mild chronic kidney damage

· Stage III: Moderate chronic kidney damage

· Stage IV: Severe chronic kidney damage

· Stage V: Chronic kidney failure

In simple terms, uremia is caused by the failure or loss of the kidneys' metabolic excretion function, leading to toxin accumulation in the body.

Dangers of Uremia

The retention and increased production of toxins in CKD patients lead to a range of uremic symptoms, affecting multiple systems and reducing quality of life, with a high mortality rate.

For example, the accumulation of urea nitrogen can cause fatigue, drowsiness, itching, and nausea. Elevated β2-microglobulin levels are closely associated with carpal tunnel syndrome and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Molecules like trimethylamine N-oxide, fibroblast growth factor 23, and indoxyl sulfate have significant impacts on the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Eliminate Bad Habits, Your Kidneys Will Thank You

1. Long-term Bad Habits

Long-standing poor lifestyle habits, such as staying up late, smoking, and excessive drinking, can lead to nephritis, gradually worsening to kidney failure.

2. Unhealthy Diet

Modern diets often include high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods, which can lead to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, impacting kidney function.

3. Drug Abuse

Self-medicating and drug abuse can cause kidney damage, leading to uremia. This includes the prolonged use of painkillers and antibiotics, and excessive consumption of drugs with similar ingredients.

4. Prolonged Urination Retention

Holding in urine puts pressure and stress on the urinary system and kidneys. Prolonged urine retention can lead to urinary tract infections, with harmful substances and bacteria potentially backflowing to the kidneys, increasing the risk of kidney disease.

When it comes to kidney disease, many people think it mainly affects the elderly. However, kidney disease is becoming more common among younger people, with the number of cases rising each year. Don’t underestimate the harm of chronic diseases. Early detection and treatment are crucial. If it progresses to the terminal stage, it’s irreversible. Actively protecting kidney health is essential.

In the next issue, we will continue to explore knowledge about hemodialysis. We invite kidney patients to bookmark, follow, and share. If you have other suggestions or topics of interest, feel free to leave us a message.

Let's continue learning about hemodialysis in the next issue!

References:

1. Yang Wenkai, et al. How can uremia patients reduce phosphorus intake? Science and Technology Horizon, 2023, 13(28), 46-49.

2. Zhu Siyi, et al. Advances in the epidemiological study of chronic kidney disease. Preventive Medicine, 2023, 35(09), 770-773.

3. Li Chao, et al. New classification interpretation of uremic toxins. Chinese Blood Purification, 2023, 2(11).

4. He Lili, et al. Dietary precautions for chronic renal failure patients. China Food, 2023, (20), 160.

The above content is for reference only. The platform does not evaluate, endorse, recommend, or guarantee any products and services, nor does it constitute health, diagnostic, or medical advice. The platform does not guarantee the accuracy, scientific validity, or applicability of the content provided by the authors or providers. For any medical conditions, please consult doctors or other professionals.